Companies choose manufacturing processes -- such as job order, batch process, assembly line and continuous process -- based in part on the level of product individualization allowed. Manufacturers use ...

A photo of technicians working in front of a process train. Novartis's continuous manufacturing center in Basel, Switzerland, replicates an end-to-end manufacturing process developed at the ...

Job production is when individual products are made one at a time to meet specific customer preferences. An example would be tailor-made suits, which are made specifically to each customer’s ...

Nature makes amide bonds—the key linkages that string together amino acids in a polypeptide—like a knitting whiz. The ribosome in Escherichia coli bacteria, for example, can make eight amide bonds in ...